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    <body-text>Sifting and Sorting Through the 4-Blocks Literacy Model chat center SUBSCRIBE MY LINKS: The Gazette Current Issue Submit! Subscribe Back Issues Chatboards Teachers Administrators Grade Level Subject Area States Tech Chatboards Projects Interest Groups Mailrings Classifieds Help Wanted Books for Sale Items Wanted Teaching Supplies Teacher Created Manipulatives Educ Games Educ Software Fundraising Miscellaneous Educ Programs Distance Learning Distance Teaching Continuing Education Tutors Wanted Tutoring Services Lessons New Lessons Add a Lesson Browse Lessons Search Lessons Jobs Search Jobs Post Resume Post Job Listings Resume Search Distance Learning Harry Wong Projects Project Switchboard Classroom Centers Professional Readings Grant Writing Fundraising Eco-Chatboard 100 Days Traveling Buddies Classroom Pets Pen Pals Post Cards Chatroom Meetings Advertise Teachers.Net Nav Chat Center Teachers |Administrators Grade Level |Subjects |States Interest Groups |Projects Classified Ads |Help Wanted Sifting and Sorting Through the 4-Blocks Literacy Model by Cheryl M. Sigmon Author and Educational Consultant http://www.cherylsigmon.com Cheryl Sigmon is the author of Implementing the 4-Blocks Literacy Model (Carson-Dellosa, 1997) and the co-author with Pat Cunningham and Dottie Hall of The Teacher&amp;apos;s Guide to the Four Blocks (Carson-Dellosa, 1999). Her newest book, Modifying Four-Blocks at the Upper Grades (2001, Carson-Dellosa) is now available. Cheryl was a classroom teacher for a number of years. For nine years she was a language arts consultant for the SC Department of Education, where she worked in K-12 classrooms to help schools strengthen language arts programs. Since January 1999, she has been a freelance consultant, helping thousands of teachers across the United States implement the Four Blocks Model. Each month, Cheryl writes a column exclusively for Teachers.net addressing specific questions and general topics related to using the 4-Blocks Model in the classroom. Teachers.Net encourages you to join the 4-Blocks Model Mailring or the Building Blocks (K) Mailring for the purpose of submitting questions to Cheryl and to share your 4-Blocks experiences with colleagues across the Globe. See the Teachers.Net Mailring Center for joining these Mailrings. You can also contact Cheryl directly at Cmsigmon@aol.com Be sure to visit Cheryl&amp;apos;s site to learn more about the 4-Blocks Literacy Model at http://www.cherylsigmon.com Article 91 A &amp;quot;To Do&amp;quot; List for the New School Year Article 90 It&amp;apos;s Riveting! Article 89 Publishing Pressures Article 88 Streamlining the Writing Block Article 87 Considering a Reading Basal Series? Article 86 My Poor Teacher Can&amp;apos;t Spell! Article 85 Streamlining Your Self-Selected Reading Article 84 Why Didn&amp;apos;t We Think of That? Article 83 A Little Stress Relief with Timing Issues Article 82 Thinking About Your Curriculum Article 81 That&amp;apos;s Novel! Article 80 Active Classroom Support: Early in the Year Article 79 The Perfect Guided Reading Lesson Article 78 Choice: Fountas and Pinnell or 4-Blocks? Article 77 Why Are You Doing That? Article 76 It&amp;apos;s All About Transfer! Article 75 A Faculty Meeting Experiment: Modeling SSR Block Article 74 Challenging Four Blocks Article 73 Troubleshooting in the Words Block at Upper Grades Article 72 Troubleshooting: Help with Writing Scores Article 71 Are Journals a Part of Four Blocks? Article 70 Giving Thanks... Article 69</body-text>
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    <body-text>If you liked Keeping Score, please consider supporting future programs.Donate Now &amp;raquo; Hear the San Francisco Symphony live at Davies Symphony Hall. Click here. Buy tickets &amp;raquo; Buy the Keeping Score DVDs from the online SF Symphony store. Beethoven's Eroica Buy now &amp;raquo; Stravinsky's Rite of Spring Buy now &amp;raquo; Copland and the American Sound Buy now &amp;raquo; Keeping Score: MTT on Music Buy now &amp;raquo; Keeping Score&amp;rsquo;s education and community programs in California are made possible by: Keeping Score Education brings the power of classical music into today&amp;rsquo;s classrooms The Keeping Score education program builds on MTT&amp;rsquo;s approach to music as a vital component of the broader human experience. The unique qualities of classical music&amp;mdash;its ability to express the grandest ideas as well as the most subtle emotions&amp;mdash;offer teachers a powerful tool with which to enhance student learning throughout the curriculum. The program offers teachers at all levels opportunities to learn about classical music and its connections to the core curriculum. NEW! View a video about the Keeping Score Education Program Windows Media Format: Hi Speed | Low Speed To view Adobe Acrobat (PDF) files you will need to download Adobe Reader. Download the Keeping Score Education brochure now. Keeping Score Summer InstituteTeachers begin with a week-long Summer Institute at Davies Symphony Hall in San Francisco, where they work with a variety of arts educators and orchestral musicians to build their knowledge of classical music and its applications in the classroom. View the 2007 Institute Overview. View the 2006 Institute Overview. School Year WorkshopsTeachers continue their work in school-year workshops in their local communities. Read an outline of the Workshops. Teacher-designed Lesson PlansTeachers design and implement integrated lesson plans and other classroom activities. View lesson plans &amp;raquo; View a sample lesson plan. Keeping Score in the Classroom Students in Sherrie Matic&amp;rsquo;s 3rd grade class at Lincoln School in Kingsburg, CA, got &amp;ldquo;inside Beethoven&amp;rsquo;s head&amp;rdquo; by integrating music, language arts, and visual arts. They listened to Beethoven&amp;rsquo;s 5th Symphony, recorded the adjectives and verbs the music evoked, turned words into colors and then back into words that expressed their own thoughts and feelings. View a sample of student work. Students in Susan Linder&amp;rsquo;s 7th grade language arts class at Rafer Johnson Junion High in Kingsburg, CA, explored the power of classical music through poetry. View a sample of student work. Students in Carol Kohne&amp;rsquo;s 2nd grade class at Marshall School in Flagstaff, AZ, integrated music, math, and visual arts by making quilt squares whose geometric shapes represented rhythmic patterns. They enjoyed creating the patterns of their favorite songs and seeing who could guess it just from looking (can you?). Teacher Testimonials: 2007&amp;ndash;08 Participants &amp;ldquo;Keeping Score has reminded me how important music has been in my life, and has renewed my dedication to inspiring students through music in the classroom. I have already taught a few lessons in my summer school class. My students beg me for more &amp;lsquo;of that clapping stuff&amp;rsquo; and are thrilled that they get to be in</body-text>
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    <body-text>Learn To Read main index | help Play Book Skills 1 an at Zac the Rat Alphabet 2 en et Peg the Hen Left to Right 3 ig ip The Big Hit Vowels 4 ot og Mox's Shop sh 5 ug Short Vowel Gus the Duck Silent E 6 Long-A Jake's Tale wh 7 ink Pete's Sheep th 8 Sight Words Sky Ride ch 9 Long-O Robot and Mr. Mole Chunking 10 Long Vowel Dune Buggy Lonely Vowel 11 Two Vowels Soap Boat Two Vowel 12 Car Race 13 R-Control O My Horse Glory 14 R-Controlled Surfer Girl 15 Y as Long E More Vowels My Family Y as a Vowel Go to: Main Index | ABCs | Learn to Read | It's Fun to Read | I'm Reading Download Center | Educators | Parents | About Us | Feedback | Help Desk Visit The Starfall Store for High-Quality Educational Products &amp;copy; Copyright 2007 Starfall Education. Starfall is a registered trademark in the US, the European Union and various other countries. &amp;lt;! III VERSION=17.35 n-pgm.c 20081104 &gt; &amp;lt;! OLD-&gt; &amp;lt;! VERSION=17.35 n-pgm.c 20081104 &gt; &amp;lt;! 0.008 &gt; &amp;lt;! UxT : 0.012 &gt;</body-text>
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    <description>A free website to teach children to read. Perfect for kindergarten, first grade, and second grade. Contains exciting interactive books and phonics games.</description>
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    <body-text>Learn to Read at Starfall - teaching comprehension and phonics Starfall Announces our Visit The Starfall Store for High-Quality Educational Products Kindergarten Curriculum Calendar Turkey Clover Flower Gingerbread Snowman Valentine Grandparent 100th Day! Word Hunt Pumpkin Groundhog Earth Day ABCs Let's get ready to read Learn to Read Zac the Rat and other tales It's Fun to Read About Me, Art Gallery, Magic + more! I'm Reading Plays, Nonfiction, Comics + more! Teachers around the world use Starfall.com and Starfall high-quality educational products as an inexpensive way to make the classroom more fun and inspire a love of reading and writing. Parents use Starfall to prepare their children for school, and to support them once they are there. Starfall is an educational alternative to other entertainment choices for children. Primarily designed for first grade, Starfall is also useful for pre-kindergarten, kindergarten and second grade. Starfall is perfect for home schooling. Be sure to visit The Starfall Store for low-cost writing journals and books that parallel this website. The Starfall Store Download Center Educators Parents About Us Feedback Help Desk/FAQ Starfall.com&amp;reg; Where children have fun learning to read! &amp;copy; Copyright 2007 Starfall Education. Starfall is a registered trademark in the US, the European Community and various other countries.</body-text>
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    <body-text>Alexander Hamilton Willard Home Credits Links Contact Return to... The CorpsEnlisted Men and Engages Isaac White Richard Windsor Alexander Hamilton Willard (1778 - 1865) Private, U.S. Army California Pioneern November 14, 1805, Alexander Willard and George Shannon experienced one of the three most amazing coincidences during the Lewis and Clark Expedition.1 With Colter, they had left "Dismal Nitch" (at today's Megler Point, Washington) the previous day, assigned to look for Baker Bay and also for whites at a trading post or with a ship. Seeing neither any whites nor what they perceived as a bay, Colter returned with the news that while Willard and Shannon camped and awaited the main party. When they were sleeping on a "butifull Sand beech" on the 14th, Indians took their rifles "from under their heads," Clark wrote. The two men "threatened," as Nicholas Biddle added (probably from Shannon's information2), the Indians "with a large party from above." And then, in Clark's account, "Capt. Lewis &amp; party arrived at the Camp of those Indians at So Timely a period that the Inds. were allarmed &amp; delivered up the guns &amp;c." Willard had obviously redeemed himself since July 12, 1804, when he received the worst physical punishment ever given a man in the Corps of Discovery (See "Courts Martial on the Trail.")A Newhampshireman, the brown-haired, dark-complexioned Willard had joined the army as an "artificer" (a craftsman; in Willard's case, a blacksmith) in 1800. He had transferred into the Corps from Fort Kaskaskia in the Illinois country, and likely assisted John Shields, the Corps' primary blacksmith. Clark selected Willard as one of five men to assist him in surveying and marking the portage route around the falls of the Missouri River in July 1805.3 After Clark's party reached three islands upstream from the falls, where they set up a second base camp4--Upper Portage Camp---Willard went out on July 18 to pick up meat the hunters had left. Clark wrote that Willard was 170 yards from the islands when he "was attact by a white [grizzly] bear and verry near being Caught....I collected 3 others of the party and prosued the bear" at it approached the islands and threatened Colter, driving him into the Missouri River. After that, the location was called "White Bear Islands."At Fort Clatsop, Willard suffered a mysterious illness from February through March 1806, complaining of headache, fever, and low spirits. He and William Bratton were sick at the same time, but unlike Bratton, Willard recovered on his own.Clark took Willard in his advance party seeking to buy horses as the Corps moved back up the Columbia River in the spring of 1806, and used him, among others, to carry news back and forth to Lewis about the continuing failure to obtain affordable steeds. Even though well aware of how precious their few horses were, Willard was the man who failed to picket his own recently-obtained animal well enough at The Dalles on April 19. It wandered off and could not be found--earning Lewis's wrath.this</body-text>
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    <description>Hundreds of interactive illustrations, color photos, and historic art, with in-depth text by today's leading Lewis and Clark scholars.</description>
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    <body-text>Ian Chadwick's Biography of Henry Hudson, 17th century Elizabethan explorer Introduction Early Years to 1607 First Voyage - 1607 Second Voyage - 1608 Third Voyage - 1609 Fourth Voyage - 1610 Aftermath - 1611-on Sources &amp;amp; Links Short Story (fiction) Maps of Voyages Hudson Family Tree Discussion Forum About Me (bio) My Other Sites The search for a route to the Indies across the poles and through the Northwest Passage Help support the Henry Hudson timeline with a Paypal donation. Text &amp;amp; design copyright ? Ian Chadwick 1992-2007. Protected under international copyright law. All rights reserved. Do not reproduce or copy without prior written permission Net space hosted by: Georgian Net</body-text>
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    <description>Ian Chadwick's biography of Henry Hudson: maps, timeline and chronology of this 17th century Elizabethan explorer and adventurer. Henry Hudson's four voyages, 1607-1611 on his ships Hopewell, Half Moon and Discovery. A bibliography and links to other Henry Hudson resources. Plus a short story based on Henry Hudson's journal.</description>
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    <body-text>- This Page Sponsored by: Mr. Jeffrey M. Rigle of Bensalem, PA. click here &amp;gt; Online Exhibitions School Programs Homeschool Programs Distance Learning Programs Travel Speakers Bureau Volunteering Stay up-to-date with the exciting events going on at The Mariners' Museum by signing up for our FREE email newsletter. E-mail Address First Name Last Name Zip Code Exhibitions &amp;amp; CollectionsVisitor InfoLibraryEducational AdventuresImage Collections MembershipShop CopyrightQuestions &amp;amp; CommentsCreditsLocation Contact Us</body-text>
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    <title>The Mariners' Museum: Newport News, Virginia</title>
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    <body-text>American Field Guide Enter Keyword: -All Topics- Animals Ecosystems Human History Livelihoods Earth &amp;amp; Space Plants Public Policy Recreation -All States- Alaska Alabama Arkansas Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Vermont Washington Wisconsin West Virginia Wyoming -Search tips Grab your binoculars and pull on your wading boots as American Field Guide introduces you to some of America's most fascinating places. Learn about the importance of healthy Ecosystems and the interdependence of life in these delicate natural communities. Check out the featured video clips for a peek at some of our most intriguing segments on Ecosystems; or dig deeper into the collection by browsing the subtopic categories. Canyons Desert Forest Lakes &amp;amp; Ponds Mountains Ocean &amp;amp; Beach Prairie/Grasslands Rivers &amp;amp; Streams Wetlands Northwest Beach - Tide Pools Produced by South Carolina ETV Pools of thriving sea life are left behind when the tide recedes, and mini-communities of marine plants and animals can be observed. Forests - Trees and Ecosystems Produced by Alabama Public Television The forest ecosystem relies upon a unique balance between trees and many different plants and animals that mutually depend upon one another. Iowa's Prairies: Restoring Original Prairies Produced by Iowa Public Television Since so few original prairies remain untouched by agriculture, restoring prairies to their original diversity is a difficult task. Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve Produced by The Florida Channel The preserve is an elongated forested swamp which contains native royal palm trees, a variety of orchids and the endangered Florida panther.</body-text>
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    <body-text>Northern California - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Northern California From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Yosemite Valley in the Sierra Nevada. Northern California is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. The region contains the San Francisco Bay Area, the state capital, Sacramento; as well as the substantial natural beauty of the redwood forests, the northern California coast, the Big Sur coastline area, the Sierra Nevada including Yosemite Valley and Lake Tahoe, Mt. Shasta which is the second-highest peak in the Cascade Range, and the Central Valley. Native Americans arrived in Northern California as least as early as 5,000 to 8,000 BCE and perhaps even much before, and successive waves of arrivals led to one of the most densely populated areas of pre-Columbian North America. The arrival of European explorers from the early 1500s to the mid-1700s, did not establish European settlements in Northern California. In 1770, the Spanish mission at Monterey was the first European settlement in the area, followed by other missions along the coast&#8212;eventually extending as far north as Sonoma County. Contents 1 Description 2 Significance 3 Geography and climate 4 History 4.1 Historical events to 1847 4.1.1 European explorers 4.1.2 Spanish era 4.1.3 Russian presence 4.1.4 Mexican era 4.1.5 American interest 4.1.6 Beginning of United States era 4.2 Gold Rush (1848-1855) 4.3 Population and agricultural expansion (1855-1899) 5 Population 6 Cities 6.1 Selected cities 7 Educational Institutions 8 Parks and other protected areas 8.1 National Park System 8.2 National Monuments and other federally protected areas 8.3 Other parks and protected areas 9 Counties 10 Regions 11 Communication 11.1 Telephone area codes 12 See also 13 Notes 14 External links [edit] Description The forty-eight California counties within a conventional definition of "Northern California." Definitions of what constitutes "Northern California" can vary. When the state is divided into two areas (Northern and Southern California) the term "Northern California" conventionally refers to the forty-eight counties north of the ten counties of Southern California; the term is also occasionally applied to the area north of the Tehachapi Mountains. Because of California's large size and diverse geography, the state can be subdivided in other ways as well. For example, the Central Valley is a distinct region in itself both culturally and topographically from coastal California, though in Northern versus Southern California divisions, the Sacramento Valley and most of the San Joaquin Valley are usually placed in Northern California. Some residents of far Northern California define their region as encompassing only those areas to the north of the San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento metropolitan areas. Many residents of the northern third of California, roughly the region north of Chico, regard California as having three divisions. The boundaries of these divisions vary by observer, but residents of this sparsely-populated area generally regard Northern California as the region between Oregon and Chico or Sacramento, with the area somewhere between Fresno and Bakersfield marking the boundary of Central and Southern California. Extreme northern residents have often felt under-represented in</body-text>
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    <body-text>To the Teacher... To the Teacher... ?1995 The Regents of the University of California Welcome to &amp;quot;Earthquake!&amp;quot; (Note: The hypertext in these teacher plans will take you directly to student lessons without providing you an immediate return button.) 1. Introduction 2. Lesson Outline/Overview 3. Student Seismosurfing Ideas 4. Guide to Activities 5. Resources 1. Introduction &amp;quot;Earthquake!&amp;quot; is a collection of lessons, activities, research ideas, and resource suggestions on the subject of earthquakes. The material in this set of lessons is only a sampling of the many activities that can be done on the subject of earthquakes. Most earth science textbooks discuss the subject, and many supplementary resources have been produced by independent groups and government agencies, such as the United States Geological Survey. A few of these resources are listed under Resources near the end of this teacher section. &amp;quot;Earthquake!&amp;quot; integrates a wide variety of physical science topics, including energy, waves, the interior and surface of the earth, and more. How should I use these lessons? Although many of the lessons and activities will need teacher guidance, &amp;quot;Earthquake!&amp;quot; has been written for the student user. These lessons can be used in a variety of ways: * Students sit at the computer terminal and work through the lessons individually. The teacher guides students, trouble-shoots problems, and/or directs which activities the students are required to do. * Teacher uses one terminal and/or a screen projection system to display specific lessons, charts, media bites, etc. to a group of students who are not at individual terminals. * Teacher prints out hard (paper) copies of specific lessons, charts, etc. and assigns them to students. Students do not need computers. Who is the student audience for these lessons? The lessons in &amp;quot;Earthquake!&amp;quot; can be done by a variety of students of various ages, skills, and knowledge backgrounds. Though many of the specific activities are designed with the junior-senior high school science student in mind, even elementary students or those with no science background can find some information, activities, and pictures of interest. High school physics students will learn quantitatively about seismic waves, and 6th grade science students can learn how to make their own home-made seismograph. Teachers should introduce students to the computer terminals that the students will be using. Many of the activities involve specific skills (e.g. plotting data on a graph) or knowledge (e.g. transverse and compressional waves); students will find such activities more understandable if these ideas are reviewed beforehand. 2. Lesson Outline/Overview IMPORTANT NOTE: The following hypertext will take you directly to the student activity, not to the teacher's guide for that activity. There is NO RETURN BUTTON that will bring you immediately back to this teacher's guide. If you choose the following hypertext, there are two ways for you to return to this guide: 1) Immediately use the back arrow at the top of your screen. 2) First return to the main lesson introduction, and then re-select Teacher Plans. Though this may be more cumbersome for the teacher, it will</body-text>
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