• 2. All organisms need energy and matter to live and grow. As a basis for understanding

  1. Students know plants are the primary source of matter and energy entering most food chains.
  2. Students know producers and consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers) are related in food chains and food webs and may compete with each other for resources in an ecosystem.
  3. Students know decomposers, including many fungi, insects, and microorganisms, recycle matter from dead plants and animals.

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• 3. Living organisms depend on one another and on their environment for survival. As a basis for understanding this concept:

  1. Students know ecosystems can be characterized by their living and nonliving components.
  2. Students know that in any particular environment, some kinds of plants and animals survive well, some survive less well, and some cannot survive at all.
  3. Students know many plants depend on animals for pollination and seed dispersal, and animals depend on plants for food and shelter.
  4. Students know that most microorganisms do not cause disease and that many are beneficial.

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