• 1. Energy and matter have multiple forms and can be changed from one form to another. As a basis for understanding this concept:

  1. Students know energy comes from the Sun to Earth in the form of light.
  2. Students know sources of stored energy take many forms, such as food, fuel, and batteries.
  3. Students know machines and living things convert stored energy to motion and heat.
  4. Students know energy can be carried from one place to another by waves, such as water waves and sound waves, by electric current, and by moving objects.
  5. Students know matter has three forms: solid, liquid, and gas.
  6. Students know evaporation and melting are changes that occur when the objects are heated.
  7. Students know that when two or more substances are combined, a new substance may be formed with properties that are different from those of the original materials.
  8. Students know all matter is made of small particles called atoms, too small to see with the naked eye.
  9. Students know people once thought that earth, wind, fire, and water were the basic elements that made up all matter. Science experiments show that there are more than 100 different types of atoms, which are presented on the periodic table of the elements.

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• 2. Light has a source and travels in a direction. As a basis for understanding this concept:

  1. Students know sunlight can be blocked to create shadows.
  2. Students know light is reflected from mirrors and other surfaces.
  3. Students know the color of light striking an object affects the way the object is seen.
  4. Students know an object is seen when light traveling from the object enters the eye.

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