Home > States > Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) > Chapter 112. Science > (c) Knowledge and skills.

§112.45. Chemistry.

Source: The provisions of this §112.45 adopted to be effective September 1, 1998, 22 TexReg 7647.

(c) Knowledge and skills.

  • (1) Scientific processes. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts field and laboratory investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices. The student is expected to:
    1. demonstrate safe practices during field and laboratory investigations; and
    2. make wise choices in the use and conservation of resources and the disposal or recycling of materials.
    Teach This Standard
  • (2) Scientific processes. The student uses scientific methods during field and laboratory investigations. The student is expected to:
    1. plan and implement investigative procedures including asking questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting equipment and technology;
    2. collect data and make measurements with precision;
    3. express and manipulate chemical quantities using scientific conventions and mathematical procedures such as dimensional analysis, scientific notation, and significant figures;
    4. organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data; and
    5. communicate valid conclusions.
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  • (3) Scientific processes. The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem solving to make informed decisions. The student is expected to:
    1. analyze, review, and critique scientific explanations, including hypotheses and theories, as to their strengths and weaknesses using scientific evidence and information;
    2. make responsible choices in selecting everyday products and services using scientific information;
    3. evaluate the impact of research on scientific thought, society, and the environment;
    4. describe the connection between chemistry and future careers; and
    5. research and describe the history of chemistry and contributions of scientists.
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  • (4) Science concepts. The student knows the characteristics of matter. The student is expected to:
    1. differentiate between physical and chemical properties of matter;
    2. analyze examples of solids, liquids, and gases to determine their compressibility, structure, motion of particles, shape, and volume;
    3. investigate and identify properties of mixtures and pure substances; and
    4. describe the physical and chemical characteristics of an element using the periodic table and make inferences about its chemical behavior.
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  • (5) Science concepts. The student knows that energy transformations occur during physical or chemical changes in matter. The student is expected to:
    1. identify changes in matter, determine the nature of the change, and examine the forms of energy involved;
    2. identify and measure energy transformations and exchanges involved in chemical reactions; and
    3. measure the effects of the gain or loss of heat energy on the properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
    Teach This Standard
  • (6) Science concepts. The student knows that atomic structure is determined by nuclear composition, allowable electron cloud, and subatomic particles. The student is expected to:
    1. describe the existence and properties of subatomic particles;
    2. analyze stable and unstable isotopes of an element to determine the relationship between the isotope's stability and its application; and
    3. summarize the historical development of the periodic table to understand the concept of periodicity.
    Teach This Standard
  • (7) Science concepts. The student knows the variables that influence the behavior of gases. The student is expected to:
    1. describe interrelationships among temperature, particle number, pressure, and volume of gases contained within a closed system; and
    2. illustrate the data obtained from investigations with gases in a closed system and determine if the data are consistent with the Universal Gas Law.
    Teach This Standard
  • (8) Science concepts. The student knows how atoms form bonds to acquire a stable arrangement of electrons. The student is expected to:
    1. identify characteristics of atoms involved in chemical bonding;
    2. investigate and compare the physical and chemical properties of ionic and covalent compounds;
    3. compare the arrangement of atoms in molecules, ionic crystals, polymers, and metallic substances; and
    4. describe the influence of intermolecular forces on the physical and chemical properties of covalent compounds.
    Teach This Standard
  • (9) Science concepts. The student knows the processes, effects, and significance of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. The student is expected to:
    1. compare fission and fusion reactions in terms of the masses of the reactants and products and the amount of energy released in the nuclear reactions;
    2. investigate radioactive elements to determine half-life;
    3. evaluate the commercial use of nuclear energy and medical uses of radioisotopes; and
    4. evaluate environmental issues associated with the storage, containment, and disposal of nuclear wastes.
    Teach This Standard
  • (10) Science concepts. The student knows common oxidation-reduction reactions. The student is expected to:
    1. identify oxidation-reduction processes; and
    2. demonstrate and document the effects of a corrosion process and evaluate the importance of electroplating metals.
    Teach This Standard
  • (11) Science concepts. The student knows that balanced chemical equations are used to interpret and describe the interactions of matter. The student is expected to:
    1. identify common elements and compounds using scientific nomenclature;
    2. demonstrate the use of symbols, formulas, and equations in describing interactions of matter such as chemical and nuclear reactions; and
    3. explain and balance chemical and nuclear equations using number of atoms, masses, and charge.
    Teach This Standard
  • (12) Science concepts. The student knows the factors that influence the solubility of solutes in a solvent. The student is expected to:
    1. demonstrate and explain effects of temperature and the nature of solid solutes on the solubility of solids;
    2. develop general rules for solubility through investigations with aqueous solutions; and
    3. evaluate the significance of water as a solvent in living organisms and in the environment.
    Teach This Standard
  • (13) Science concepts. The student knows relationships among the concentration, electrical conductivity, and colligative properties of a solution. The student is expected to:
    1. compare unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions;
    2. interpret relationships among ionic and covalent compounds, electrical conductivity, and colligative properties of water; and
    3. measure and compare the rates of reaction of a solid reactant in solutions of varying concentration.
    Teach This Standard
  • (14) Science concepts. The student knows the properties and behavior of acids and bases. The student is expected to:
    1. analyze and measure common household products using a variety of indicators to classify the products as acids or bases;
    2. demonstrate the electrical conductivity of acids and bases;
    3. identify the characteristics of a neutralization reaction; and
    4. describe effects of acids and bases on an ecological system.
    Teach This Standard
  • (15) Science concepts. The student knows factors involved in chemical reactions. The student is expected to:
    1. verify the law of conservation of energy by evaluating the energy exchange that occurs as a consequence of a chemical reaction; and
    2. relate the rate of a chemical reaction to temperature, concentration, surface area, and presence of a catalyst.
    Teach This Standard

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