Home > States > Maine Learning Results > English Language Arts > G. Stylistic And Rhetorical Aspects of Writing And Speaking

G. Stylistic And Rhetorical Aspects of Writing And Speaking

Students will use stylistic and rhetorical aspects of writing and speaking to explore ideas, to present lines of thought, to represent and reflect on human experience, and to communicate feelings, knowledge, and opinions. Spoken, written, and non-verbal visual language (e.g., facial expressions, styles of clothing) accomplish many purposes (e.g., enjoyment, learning, persuasion, and the exchange of information). Writing and speaking for various purposes and for different audiences requires rhetorical skill and stylistic competence.

Students will use stylistic and rhetorical aspects of writing and speaking to explore ideas, to present lines of thought, to represent and reflect on human experience, and to communicate feelings, knowledge, and opinions. Students will be able to:

  • Elementary Grades Pre-K-2
    1. Dictate or write stories or essays which convey basic ideas, have sequences that make sense, and show evidence of a beginning, middle, and ending.
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  • Elementary Grades 3-4
    1. Write pieces and make remarks that begin to use descriptive language that clarifies, enhances, and develops ideas.
    2. Write stories (or other pieces) that show a definite beginning (introduction), middle (body), and ending (conclusion).
    3. Write essays and make remarks that clearly state or suggest a central idea and provide supporting detail.
    4. Write pieces that show awareness of a variety of intended audiences and identifiable purposes.
    5. Explain the various purposes of spoken communications.
    6. Explain how speakers use physical gestures and eye contact and use this knowledge in their own presentations.
    7. Use a variety of media and technological resources to make creative and expository oral presentations.
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  • Middle Grades 5-8
    1. Write stories with an identifiable beginning, middle, and ending.
    2. Write stories that include major events, develop settings, and deal with problems and solutions.
    3. Write pieces and deliver oral presentations that use structures appropriate to audience and purpose.
    4. Write essays and deliver oral presentations which identify a clear topic and reliably support that topic.
    5. Write for both public and private audiences.
    6. Write and deliver oral presentations that achieve distinct purposes (e.g., to summarize, to narrate, to inform, to explain).
    7. Write pieces and make remarks that use descriptive language to clarify, enhance, and develop ideas.
    8. Write pieces and deliver oral presentations that include a variety of sentence structures appropriate to the purpose.
    9. Write pieces that use a variety of transitional devices (i.e. phrases, sentences, paragraphs).
    10. Deliver oral presentations that use a variety of strategies of address (e.g., eye contact, hand gestures, voice modulation, changes of rhythm).
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  • Secondary Grades
    1. Write stories that effectively develop such elements as setting, major events, problems and solutions.
    2. Write pieces and deliver oral presentations that effectively use descriptive language to clarify, enhance, and develop ideas.
    3. Write pieces and deliver oral presentations that include a variety of sentence structures and lengths.
    4. Write pieces and deliver oral presentations that are targeted for various audiences (e.g., informed or uninformed, sympathetic or hostile).
    5. Write pieces and deliver oral presentations that achieve distinct purposes (e.g., to persuade, evaluate, analyze, defend).
    6. Write pieces and deliver oral presentations that effectively employ explicit transitional devices in order to change a situation or to move the reader/listener through the piece.
    7. Write pieces and deliver oral presentations in which the organization of the work follows from the purpose.
    8. Write pieces and deliver oral presentations in a personal style, with a discernible voice and effective wording.
    9. Write essays and deliver oral presentations that reliably support and provide details for the explicitly stated generalizations.
    10. Make effective use of a variety of techniques to provide supporting detail (e.g., analogies, anecdotes, illustrations, detailed descriptions, restatements, paraphrases, examples, comparisons) in written work and oral presentations.
    11. Make effective use of a variety of techniques for introducing and representing ideas and insights in written work and oral presentations.
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